Mechanisms
A probiotic strain lowers CETP expression alongside cholesterol-lowering effects in cell and animal models (J Med Food 2023)
Original title: Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242 (LRC) Inhibits Cholesterol Synthesis and Stimulates Cholesterol Excretion in Animal and Cell Models
Researchers tested Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242 (LRC) supplementation for cholesterol-lowering effects in hypercholesterolemic rats fed a high-cholesterol diet, comparing LRC at three doses against a normal diet, an untreated high-cholesterol diet, and simvastatin as a positive control, alongside experiments in HepG2 liver cells. LRC restrained HMG-CoA reductase activity, reduced LDL cholesterol uptake into tissues, and promoted intestinal cholesterol excretion, changes supported by altered mRNA and protein expression of HMG-CoA reductase, SREBP2, CYP7A1, CETP and LCAT in serum and liver tissue. In HepG2 cells, LRC treatment at all doses significantly reduced mRNA expression of HMG-CoA reductase, SREBP2 and CETP while increasing LDL receptor, LCAT and CYP7A1 expression, supporting a role for CETP downregulation alongside reduced cholesterol synthesis and enhanced excretion in this probiotic's cholesterol-lowering mechanism.
Original abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB (LRC™) supplementation on hypercholesterolemia by researching its effects on cellular cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic rats (KHGASP-22-170) and HepG2 cell line. Rats were separated into six groups after adaptation and were then fed a normal control (NC), a high-cholesterol diet (HC), or a HC supplemented with simvastatin 15 mg/kg body weight (positive control [PC]), LRC 1 × 109 colony-forming units (CFU)/rat/day, LRC 4 × 109 CFU/rat/day, or LRC 1 × 1010 CFU/rat/day (1 × 109, 4 × 109, or 1 × 1010). The rats were dissected to study the effects of LRC on cholesterol metabolism and intestinal excretion at the end of experimental period. We discovered that LRC mainly participated in the restraint of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol into tissues, partially in the transport of cholesteryl esters into high density lipoprotein for maturation, and intestinal excretion of cholesterol. These results are supported by the expression of transcription factors and enzymes such as HMG-CoA reductase, SREBP2, CYP7A1, CETP, and LCAT in both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in serum and hepatic tissue. Furthermore, the LRC treatment in HepG2 significantly reduced the mRNA expression of HMG-CoA reductase, SREBP2, and CEPT and significantly increased the mRNA expression of LDL-receptor, LCAT, and CYP7A1 at all doses. Hence, we suggest that LRC supplementation could alleviate the serum cholesterol level by inhibiting the intracellular cholesterol synthesis, and augmenting excretion of intestinal cholesterol.
Summary written by cetpinhibition.org from the published abstract; figures as published. Page updated 19 August 2026. Methods.