Genetics
Large pharmacogenetic screen finds CETP-HDL response to pravastatin too weak to qualify, unlike the dominant HMG-CoA reductase signal (JAMA 2004)
Original title: Pharmacogenetic study of statin therapy and cholesterol reduction
In 1536 individuals treated with pravastatin 40 mg/d for 24 weeks, 148 SNPs across 10 candidate lipid-metabolism genes were tested for association with cholesterol response. Two tightly linked SNPs in HMG-CoA reductase, pravastatin's target enzyme, were significantly associated with reduced efficacy, with heterozygotes showing a 22% smaller total cholesterol reduction and 19% smaller LDL-cholesterol reduction than major-allele homozygotes, robust to multiple-testing correction and consistent across sex and ethnicity; neither SNP affected HDL-cholesterol response. Among the remaining genes, weaker associations were noted for squalene synthase with total cholesterol change, apolipoprotein E with LDL-cholesterol change, and CETP with HDL-cholesterol change, but none of these met the study's conservative criteria for genuine pharmacogenetic effects.
Original abstract
Context: Polymorphisms in genes involved in cholesterol synthesis, absorption, and transport may affect statin efficacy.
Objective: To evaluate systematically whether genetic variation influences response to pravastatin therapy.
Design, Setting, And Population: The DNA of 1536 individuals treated with pravastatin, 40 mg/d, was analyzed for 148 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 10 candidate genes related to lipid metabolism. Variation within these genes was then examined for associations with changes in lipid levels observed with pravastatin therapy during a 24-week period.
Main Outcome Measure: Changes in lipid levels in response to pravastatin therapy.
Results: Two common and tightly linked SNPs (linkage disequilibrium r2 = 0.90; heterozygote prevalence = 6.7% for both) were significantly associated with reduced efficacy of pravastatin therapy. Both of these SNPs were in the gene coding for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the target enzyme that is inhibited by pravastatin. For example, compared with individuals homozygous for the major allele of one of the SNPs, individuals with a single copy of the minor allele had a 22% smaller reduction in total cholesterol (-32.8 vs -42.0 mg/dL [-0.85 vs -1.09 mmol/L]; P =.001; absolute difference, 9.2 mg/dL [95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8-14.6 mg/dL]) and a 19% smaller reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-27.7 vs -34.1 mg/dL [-0.72 vs -0.88 mmol/L]; P =.005; absolute difference, 6.4 mg/dL [95% CI, 2.2-10.6 mg/dL]). The association for total cholesterol reduction persisted even after adjusting for multiple tests on all 33 SNPs evaluated in the HMG-CoA reductase gene as well as for all 148 SNPs evaluated was similar in magnitude and direction among men and women and was present in the ethnically diverse total cohort as well as in the majority subgroup of white participants. No association for either SNP was observed for the change in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P>.80) and neither was associated with baseline lipid levels among those actively treated or among those who did not receive the drug. Among the remaining genes, less robust associations were found for squalene synthase and change in total cholesterol, apolipoprotein E and change in LDL cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein and change in HDL cholesterol, although none of these met our conservative criteria for purely pharmacogenetic effects.
Conclusion: Individuals heterozygous for a genetic variant in the HMG-CoA reductase gene may experience significantly smaller reductions in cholesterol when treated with pravastatin.
Summary written by cetpinhibition.org from the published abstract; figures as published. Page updated 19 August 2026. Methods.