Outcomes trials 121 items
The hard-endpoint record of the whole class, from ILLUMINATE to PREVAIL.
Trials, agents, guidance
- Agent Obicetrapib
- Trial DalCor genotype-defined trial (NCT05918861)
- Trial PREVAIL
- Agent Anacetrapib
- Trial dal-GenE
- Agent Evacetrapib
- Agent Dalcetrapib
- Trial ACCELERATE
- Trial REVEAL
- Trial dal-OUTCOMES
- Agent Torcetrapib
- Trial ILLUMINATE
Studies
- Dalcetrapib raised HDL-C by up to 40% but did not reduce cardiovascular events in dal-OUTCOMES (N Engl J Med 2012)
- A 34-year genetic study finds CETP-lowering variants cut ischemic heart disease risk by 24 percent with no adverse effects seen with torcetrapib (J Am Coll Cardiol 2012)
- The ILLUMINATE trial halts torcetrapib development after finding a 58 percent rise in death from any cause despite a 72 percent HDL cholesterol increase (N Engl J Med 2007)
- Pooled analysis of 2,884 patients: obicetrapib cuts coronary events by 32% (HR 0.68) beyond 6 months, ahead of the PREVAIL readout (J Am Coll Cardiol 2025)
- dal-GenE: dalcetrapib misses its primary endpoint in ADCY9 AA-genotype patients (HR 0.88), even after a genetically pre-selected retest of dal-OUTCOMES (Eur Heart J 2022)
- REVEAL extended follow-up: the coronary benefit of anacetrapib grows over time, 12% overall, with no long-term safety signal (Eur Heart J 2022)
- REVEAL: anacetrapib cuts major coronary events by 9% in 30,449 patients already on intensive statin therapy (N Engl J Med 2017)
- Evacetrapib failed to reduce cardiovascular events despite large lipid changes in ACCELERATE (N Engl J Med 2017)
- Landmark NEJM safety trial shows anacetrapib avoids the cardiovascular harm of torcetrapib while doubling HDL cholesterol (N Engl J Med 2010)
- Drug-target Mendelian randomization confirms CETP as an effective target for coronary heart disease with an on-target macular degeneration risk (Nat Commun 2021)
- A genome-wide association study identifies protective CETP gene variants underlying cardiovascular resilience in older adults (J Am Heart Assoc 2023)
- A meta-analysis of 62,565 patients confirms CETP inhibitors raise HDL cholesterol by 130 percent yet still fail to reduce cardiovascular events (J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2026)
- Bayesian network meta-analysis of 84,134 patients ranks evacetrapib and anacetrapib best for cardiovascular outcomes among CETP inhibitors (Medicine 2026)
- From torcetrapib failure to obicetrapib promise: a full review of the mechanism and trial programme through PREVAIL (J Am Heart Assoc 2026)
- Early-phase MACE signals predicted outcomes-trial results in 6 of 7 cholesterol drugs, dalcetrapib the exception (Am Heart J Plus 2026)
- Obicetrapib review: an amphipathic CETP inhibitor cutting LDL-C 30-51%, apoB 20-33% and Lp(a) 30-57% across BROOKLYN, BROADWAY and TANDEM (Cardiol Rev 2025)
- dal-GenE: the MI benefit of dalcetrapib in ADCY9 AA-genotype patients survives adjustment for an 18-variable risk prediction index (Eur J Prev Cardiol 2025)
- Two CETP gene variants independently predict worse outcomes after ischemic stroke, alongside HMGCR and PCSK9 variants (J Am Heart Assoc 2024)
- Mendelian randomisation across ancestries: CETP inhibition should protect against cardiovascular disease equally in East Asian and European populations (Nat Commun 2024)
- First meta-analysis of nine CETP-inhibitor RCTs finds a class-wide reduction in cardiovascular mortality and myocardial infarction (J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024)
- Drug-target Mendelian randomization finds CETP and other lipid drug targets have distinct metabolomic signatures despite similar CAD benefit (PLoS Biol 2022)
- Meta-analysis of nearly 13,000 patients confirms evacetrapib lowers LDL-C by 34 mg/dL and raises HDL-C substantially (Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021)
- dal-OUTCOMES secondary analysis: dalcetrapib cuts new-onset diabetes by 23% after acute coronary syndrome, NNT of 40 (Diabetes Care 2020)
- JACC review: four CETP inhibitors reached phase 3, one died, two were stopped for futility, and the survivor was shelved over fat accumulation (J Am Coll Cardiol 2019)
- Meta-analysis of 34,781 patients confirms the lipid benefits of anacetrapib carry no excess hepatic or muscular risk (Postgrad Med 2018)
- Phase 3 trial finds anacetrapib added to statins cuts LDL-C by 37% and more than doubles HDL-C, well tolerated over 24 weeks (Am J Cardiol 2017)
- ACCENTUATE: evacetrapib beat ezetimibe and higher-dose statin on LDL-C and Lp(a), but also raised hsCRP, a clue to why ACCELERATE later failed (Atherosclerosis 2017)
- Two more years of anacetrapib in the DEFINE extension sustain a 39.9% LDL-C drop and 153.3% HDL-C rise with no new safety signals (J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014)
- Evacetrapib raised HDL-C up to 129% and lowered LDL-C up to 36% alone or with statins in a 398-patient dose-ranging trial (JAMA 2011)
- CETP inhibitor trials reframe the HDL hypothesis around apoB lowering rather than HDL-C raising (Drugs 2026)
- Review surveys why raising HDL with CETP inhibitors and apoA1 infusion has failed to cut cardiovascular events (Clin Med Res 2025)
- Rationale and design of BROADWAY and BROOKLYN: 2,886 participants randomised to test obicetrapib on top of maximally tolerated therapy (Am Heart J 2024)
- In REVEAL, new stroke, heart failure or cancer each cut quality of life and add thousands in hospital costs, but MI and coronary revascularisation alone do not (J Am Heart Assoc 2023)
- In ACCELERATE, a rising hsCRP trajectory over follow-up predicts MACE better than a single baseline reading, even when levels stay under 2 mg/L (Am J Cardiol 2022)
- Anacetrapib raises macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity in men, with the effect modified by haptoglobin genotype in diabetes (JAHA 2020)
- CETP inhibitors in precision medicine: a review ties three phase 3 failures, the shelving of anacetrapib over fat accumulation, and the ADCY9 pharmacogenomic clue together (Clin Chim Acta 2020)
- In 8,236 diabetes patients from ACCELERATE, evacetrapib raised HDL by 131% and lowered LDL by 32%, yet produced no clinical benefit (BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020)
- dal-GenE trial design: only patients with the ADCY9 AA genotype will be enrolled, testing whether the benefit of dalcetrapib is genetically confined (Am Heart J 2020)
- Meta-analysis of 62,431 patients across 11 RCTs finds CETP inhibitors do not reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (RR 0.97) (Cardiology 2020)
- Even NMR-measured HDL particle concentration, not just HDL-C, failed to predict cardiovascular risk in dal-Outcomes (Am Heart J 2020)
- Meta-analysis of 332,912 patients: lowering apoB only cuts cardiovascular risk when it works through the LDL receptor, not via CETP inhibitors or fibrates (Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020)
- Do CETP inhibitors have a role in treating cardiovascular disease? A review weighs harm, futility and modest benefit against emerging genomic clues (Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2019)
- Were the benefits of REVEAL with anacetrapib really major? A critical evaluation says not significant in years one or two, and modest overall (Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018)
- CETP and its inhibitors, a foundational review: structure, mechanism, non-lipid functions and the full outcomes-trial record for four small-molecule inhibitors (J Lipid Res 2018)
- The present therapeutic role of CETP inhibitors: REVEAL numbers, HDL-C +104%, LDL-C -18%, major coronary events RR 0.91, against three prior failures (Pharmacol Res 2018)
- Trials and tribulations of CETP inhibitors: the REVEAL benefit traces to lower non-HDL-C, not higher HDL-C, plus a small diabetes reduction (Circ Res 2018)
- No benefit with evacetrapib despite raising HDL 130% and cutting LDL 37%: is this the end of the road for the cetrapibs? (Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017)
- In Japanese patients, evacetrapib added to atorvastatin cuts LDL-C by 25.70% versus placebo and more than doubles HDL-C (Circ J 2017)
- Evacetrapib monotherapy lowers LDL-C by 34.3% and raises HDL-C by 124% in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia (Circ J 2017)
- In Japanese patients, adding anacetrapib to statins nearly doubles HDL-C and sustains lipid benefits through a 28-week extension (Atherosclerosis 2017)
- REVEAL trial design enrolled 30,449 patients to test whether anacetrapib lipid changes reduce cardiovascular events (Am Heart J 2017)
- Review details how evacetrapib raised HDL-C by 128% and cut LDL-C by 35% yet produced no clinical benefit in ACCELERATE (Cardiol Rev 2017)
- Both 25 mg and 100 mg doses of anacetrapib substantially cut LDL-C and raise HDL-C on top of statin therapy (Am J Cardiol 2017)
- Meta-analysis finds evacetrapib raises HDL-C by 86% and cuts LDL-C by 21%, with no effect on triglycerides (Curr Pharm Des 2016)
- ACCELERATE trial design targets 12,092 high-risk patients to test the effect of evacetrapib on cardiovascular outcomes (Am Heart J 2015)
- Dose-ranging phase 2 trial in Japanese patients shows evacetrapib 500 mg raises HDL-C by 136% and cuts CETP activity by 95% (Am J Cardiol 2014)
- CETP genetic variants do not predict recurrent heart attacks in secondary prevention patients, but may raise mortality after bypass surgery (Am J Cardiol 2013)
- Ten-arm dose-ranging trial in Japanese patients shows anacetrapib raises HDL-C up to 159% and adds to the LDL-lowering of atorvastatin (Atherosclerosis 2013)
- Review tallies the HDL-C and LDL-C effects of each CETP inhibitor ahead of anacetrapib and evacetrapib outcomes in 2017 (Curr Pharm Des 2013)
- The Friedewald formula underestimates LDL-C by 12 mg/dl after anacetrapib treatment, likely from VLDL-C overestimation (J Lipid Res 2013)
- Review tallies CETP inhibitor trial results from the 2006 failure of torcetrapib to the early promise of evacetrapib (Curr Opin Lipidol 2012)
- Update captures dal-OUTCOMES futility and the decision by Roche to end the dalcetrapib program in May 2012 (Future Cardiol 2012)
- Barter and Rye review the CETP inhibition hypothesis after the harm caused by torcetrapib and the futility of dalcetrapib (J Lipid Res 2012)
- Schwartz reviews conflicting CETP genetic and animal evidence ahead of the anacetrapib and dalcetrapib outcomes trials (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2012)
- Review compiles dal-VESSEL, dal-PLAQUE, and DEFINE lipid results ahead of dal-OUTCOMES and REVEAL in 2013 and 2017 (Vasc Health Risk Manag 2012)
- Review focuses on anacetrapib as the CETP inhibitor without the mortality signal of torcetrapib (Vasc Health Risk Manag 2012)
- Barter and Rye ask where CETP inhibition stands after the off-target failure of torcetrapib (Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011)
- Eight weeks after stopping anacetrapib, HDL-C remains up to 43.4% higher, tracking residual drug levels and CETP inhibition (Am Heart J 2011)
- Review of phase II dalcetrapib data flags its unique CETP-binding mechanism ahead of dal-OUTCOMES (Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010)
- Dal-OUTCOMES trial design targets 15,600 recent-ACS patients to test whether dalcetrapib reduces cardiovascular events (Am Heart J 2009)
- DEFINE trial design paper describes screening 2,757 patients and randomizing 1,623 across 153 centers in 20 countries (Am Heart J 2009)
- Phase 2 dose-ranging trial finds anacetrapib plus atorvastatin cuts LDL-C by 70% and more than doubles HDL-C (Am Heart J 2009)
- Review traces CETP inhibition from a Japanese deficiency discovery to the ILLUMINATE termination of torcetrapib and early anacetrapib data (Cardiol Rev 2008)
- Plasma CETP, alongside EPCR, is an independent MACE risk factor in older men with chronic coronary syndrome and improves on the Framingham score (Front Cardiovasc Med 2022)
- In the ACCELERATE diabetes cohort, higher baseline HbA1c independently predicted cardiovascular events despite statin therapy (J Am Heart Assoc 2020)
- Review asks whether anacetrapib, the fourth CETP inhibitor tested, finally outperforms its predecessor drugs (Cardiol Rev 2019)
- Meta-analysis of 154,601 patients: HDL-raising drugs including CETP inhibitors do not cut cardiovascular or all-cause mortality, and any MI benefit traces to fibrates (Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019)
- Update on novel lipid drugs: anacetrapib cut coronary events by 7% but not wider CVD outcomes, leaving CETP inhibitors without further development (Curr Opin Cardiol 2018)
- CV risk, CV benefit, or both? A review takes stock of CETP inhibitors after preclinical promise met mostly disappointing outcome trials (Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018)
- For lipid management in diabetes, CETP inhibitor trials have generally underwhelmed and are no longer being developed, a review concludes (Diabet Med 2018)
- CETP inhibitors as agents to reduce coronary heart disease risk: after earlier trial failures, REVEAL showed anacetrapib actually works (Cardiol Clin 2018)
- Patent review tracks CETP inhibitor development from 2009 to 2017 despite four phase 3 drugs falling short on cardiovascular outcomes (Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018)
- In dal-Outcomes, Lp(a) after acute coronary syndrome did not predict recurrent ischaemic events on background statin therapy (JAMA Cardiol 2018)
- Nat Rev Cardiol commentary: the REVEAL coronary benefit from CETP inhibition is probably down to lowering non-HDL-C, not raising HDL-C (Nat Rev Cardiol 2017)
- Review weighs whether anacetrapib can succeed as a cardioprotective CETP inhibitor where earlier drugs failed (Drug Des Devel Ther 2017)
- Review surveys CETP inhibitor outcome trials from the harm of torcetrapib to the futility of later agents (Curr Opin Lipidol 2016)
- Review compares torcetrapib, evacetrapib, dalcetrapib and anacetrapib trial outcomes and the future of CETP inhibition (J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2017)
- CETP inhibition is not yet dead, argues a pro perspective ahead of the REVEAL trial (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016)
- Commentary marks evacetrapib as another CETP inhibitor lost to the gap between lipid improvement and clinical benefit (Bratisl Lek Listy 2016)
- Review previews two pending phase 3 trials that will decide the future of CETP inhibition (Curr Opin Lipidol 2015)
- Systematic review tracks CETP inhibitors from the toxicity of torcetrapib to the greater potency and safety of anacetrapib and evacetrapib (Am J Ther 2015)
- The LDL-C and HDL-C effects of anacetrapib were smaller in Black than White DEFINE trial patients (J Clin Lipidol 2015)
- Perspective reviews the discovery and development of CETP inhibitors for reducing residual cardiovascular risk (J Med Chem 2014)
- Review narrates the CETP inhibitor class from the mortality excess of torcetrapib to the still-pending REVEAL and ACCELERATE trials (Curr Opin Cardiol 2013)
- Review asks whether torcetrapib will become the next big advance in coronary heart disease prevention (Curr Atheroscler Rep 2007)
- Higher preoperative plasma CETP is one of four protein signals linked to atrial fibrillation after bypass surgery (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021)
- In ACCELERATE, higher baseline fasting insulin independently predicted MACE and future revascularisation in diabetes patients (Diab Vasc Dis Res 2019)
- A hospital pharmacy bulletin sums up CETP inhibitors for practising pharmacists: three failures, then a REVEAL success for anacetrapib (Hosp Pharm 2017)
- Review recounts how ILLUMINATE, RADIANCE, and ERASE ended the promise of torcetrapib for isolated low HDL syndrome (Am J Ther 2008)
- Brief review previews CETP inhibitor trial results as REVEAL data for anacetrapib approaches (Eur Cardiol 2015)
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