LDL and apoB 146 items
Why a class born to raise HDL is now developed on an LDL-lowering claim.
Trials, agents, guidance
- Agent Obicetrapib
- Guideline ACC/AHA multisociety dyslipidaemia guideline (2026)
- Guideline ESC/EAS focused update on dyslipidaemia management (2025)
- Trial TANDEM
- Trial BROOKLYN
- Trial PREVAIL
- Trial BROADWAY
- Guideline ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias (2019)
- Agent Anacetrapib
Studies
- BROOKLYN: obicetrapib cuts LDL-C by 36.3% and Lp(a) by 45.9% in 354 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (Nat Med 2026)
- Pooled analysis of 2,884 patients: obicetrapib cuts coronary events by 32% (HR 0.68) beyond 6 months, ahead of the PREVAIL readout (J Am Coll Cardiol 2025)
- TANDEM: obicetrapib plus ezetimibe fixed-dose combination cuts LDL-C by 48.6% versus placebo in 407 high-risk patients (Lancet 2025)
- BROADWAY: obicetrapib lowers LDL-C by 29.9% versus 2.7% with placebo in 2,530 high-risk patients (N Engl J Med 2025)
- REVEAL: anacetrapib cuts major coronary events by 9% in 30,449 patients already on intensive statin therapy (N Engl J Med 2017)
- Evacetrapib failed to reduce cardiovascular events despite large lipid changes in ACCELERATE (N Engl J Med 2017)
- Meta-regression of 312 175 patients shows CETP inhibitors deliver less cardiovascular benefit than their LDL-lowering predicts (JAMA 2016)
- TULIP: the original TA-8995 (obicetrapib) trial cuts LDL-C by up to 45.3% and raises HDL-C by up to 179% with no serious adverse events (Lancet 2015)
- Network meta-analysis of 6,025 patients: obicetrapib outperforms bempedoic acid for LDL-C lowering on top of statins by 15 percentage points (J Clin Lipidol 2026)
- Phase 2 trial in 102 Japanese patients: obicetrapib 10mg on background statin cuts LDL-C by 45.8% and raises HDL-C by 159% (J Atheroscler Thromb 2024)
- Phase 2 trial: obicetrapib plus ezetimibe on top of high-intensity statins cuts LDL-C by 63.4%, with 87% of patients reaching under 55 mg/dL (J Clin Lipidol 2023)
- Phase 2 trial in 120 patients: obicetrapib on top of high-intensity statins cuts LDL-C by up to 51% and raises HDL-C by up to 165% (Nat Med 2022)
- Genome-wide meta-analysis of 20,000-plus people confirms CETP among eleven established lipid loci and finds new ones (Nat Genet 2008)
- CETP activity correlates with LDL-cholesterol but not HDL-cholesterol in 586 healthy Japanese adults (Atherosclerosis 1996)
- CETP-deficient humans clear LDL apoB faster, explaining their low LDL despite reduced apoB production (J Clin Invest 1995)
- CETP expression suppresses hepatic LDL receptor mRNA dose-dependently, explaining apoB-lipoprotein accumulation (J Biol Chem 1993)
- Plasma CETP rises up to 85 percent in dysbetalipoproteinemia and severe chylomicronemia, correcting with dietary treatment (Arterioscler Thromb 1991)
- Obicetrapib lowers Lp(a) by 37% in a 2,356-patient pooled analysis, with similar absolute reduction across baseline strata (Eur Heart J 2026)
- CETP activity, but not mass, is independently linked to coronary disease in patients with high HDL cholesterol (Anatol J Cardiol 2026)
- From torcetrapib failure to obicetrapib promise: a full review of the mechanism and trial programme through PREVAIL (J Am Heart Assoc 2026)
- Network meta-analysis of 2,937 patients: obicetrapib outperforms anacetrapib on LDL-C, HDL-C and overall adverse events (Daru 2026)
- GRADE-assessed meta-analysis of 3,399 patients: obicetrapib raises the odds of reaching an LDL-C target under 55 mg/dL more than sixfold (Diabetes Obes Metab 2026)
- Updated meta-analysis of 3,381 patients: obicetrapib cuts LDL-C by 37% and, unexpectedly, new-onset diabetes by 12% (Am J Prev Cardiol 2025)
- CETP expression abolishes the atheroprotective effect of large HDL particles in mouse models of type 1 diabetes (Circ Res 2024)
- CETP inhibition reduces major cardiovascular events through apoB lowering, a review argues, with obicetrapib cutting apoB by up to 30% (Int J Mol Sci 2022)
- Baseline CETP level predicts how much pitavastatin lowers LDL-C, via LXR-dependent suppression of CETP transcription (Lipids Health Dis 2016)
- Evacetrapib cuts small LDL particles by up to 95% and lipoprotein(a) by up to 40%, alone or added to statins (J Clin Lipidol 2016)
- CETP -629C/A genotype predicts HDL-C but the CC genotype benefits most from atorvastatin's LDL-C-lowering effect in Chinese CHD patients (Med Sci Monit 2014)
- CETP activity is 30 percent higher in South Asians than Europeans and tracks the full pattern of atherogenic dyslipidemia (Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014)
- Inhibiting secretory phospholipase A2 raises CETP activity via VLDL-apoE content, offsetting its antiatherosclerotic benefit in triple-transgenic mice (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013)
- CETP R451Q raises coronary stenosis risk while Taq1B B2 lowers it in a Tunisian angiography cohort (J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2012)
- CETP protects against the rise in VLDL caused by reconstituted HDL infusion, resolving a mouse-versus-human discrepancy (J Lipid Res 2011)
- CETP activity is higher in obese adolescent boys and correlates with more TV watching and higher milk intake (Arch Med Res 2011)
- CETP Taq1B B2 allele linked to lower coronary artery disease risk in Asian Indians (J Community Genet 2010)
- Berry anthocyanins raise HDL and lower LDL cholesterol via natural CETP inhibition in a placebo-controlled trial (Am J Clin Nutr 2009)
- CETP drives atherosclerosis mainly by raising VLDL-cholesterol, not by lowering HDL-cholesterol, in APOE*3-Leiden mice (Atherosclerosis 2009)
- Novel CETP L296Q mutation discovered and linked to coronary heart disease and higher LDL cholesterol (Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2004)
- CETP D442G mutation enlarges LDL particle size in coronary heart disease patients, suggesting an antiatherogenic role (Clin Chim Acta 2002)
- CETP activity rises 46% in nephrotic-range proteinuria, contributing to its atherogenic lipoprotein profile (Atherosclerosis 2001)
- New CETP promoter repeat marker links the gene to LDL particle size, triglycerides, and apoB in twins (Circulation 2000)
- CETP genotype combined with apoB signal peptide variant is the strongest predictor of hepatic apoB-100 secretion in obese men (J Lipid Res 2000)
- Atorvastatin preferentially reduces CETP-mediated cholesteryl ester transfer from HDL to the largest VLDL subfraction (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000)
- VLDL-bound lipoprotein lipase boosts CETP-mediated cholesteryl ester transfer partly independent of its lipolytic action (J Lipid Res 1999)
- Simvastatin lowers CETP mass and activity by 16 percent in type IIb hyperlipidemia without changing CETP specific activity (Atherosclerosis 1999)
- CETP, unlike PLTP, rises with hyperlipidemia but stays flat in diabetes, a new ELISA study shows (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999)
- ApoE4 allele blunts the correlation between CETP activity and LDL cholesterol during colestipol and lovastatin treatment (Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999)
- Simvastatin, unlike cholestyramine, lowers plasma CETP by 15 percent in primary hypercholesterolemia (Can J Clin Pharmacol 1999)
- Combined LCAT and CETP action in vitro converts VLDL and LDL into the small, dense particles seen in hypertriglyceridemia (Atherosclerosis 1998)
- CETP and PLTP activity, not diabetes itself, drive elevated cholesteryl ester transfer in NIDDM (Atherosclerosis 1998)
- Two hyperalphalipoproteinemia profiles show elevated, not deficient, CETP activity, with differing atherosclerosis risk (Atherosclerosis 1998)
- CETP preferentially enriches VLDL1 with cholesteryl ester during postprandial lipemia, marking it as atherogenic (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998)
- Growth hormone excess raises CETP activity and shifts LDL toward the small dense subfraction in acromegaly (Atherosclerosis 1997)
- Combined hyperlipidaemia blocks net CETP-mediated cholesteryl ester transfer from HDL to LDL despite elevated CETP mass (Eur J Clin Invest 1996)
- Pravastatin cuts CETP-mediated cholesteryl ester transfer to LDL by 24 percent in familial hypercholesterolemia without changing CETP mass (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995)
- A high trans fatty acid diet raises serum CETP activity compared with linoleic or stearic acid diets (Atherosclerosis 1995)
- LDL particles from CETP-deficient patients bind LDL receptors two to three times less avidly than normal LDL (Eur J Clin Invest 1995)
- Simvastatin cuts CETP activity 30 percent in type II hyperlipoproteinemia, but the change is unrelated to lipoprotein subfraction shifts (Atherosclerosis 1995)
- CETP activity is 42 percent higher in hypercholesterolemia and correlates strongly with LDL cholesterol (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995)
- Trans-elaidic acid raises CETP activity more than cis-oleic acid, correlating with falling HDL cholesterol (Atherosclerosis 1994)
- CETP activity is twofold higher in familial hypercholesterolemia, linked to worse IDL and HDL composition (Horm Metab Res 1992)
- CETP-deficient patients carry two distinct LDL particle species in every density subfraction, suggesting a second LDL formation pathway (Arterioscler Thromb 1991)
- Meta-analysis of 3,512 patients: obicetrapib added to ezetimibe nearly doubles LDL-C lowering seen with obicetrapib alone, but adds nothing to statins (Cardiol Rev 2026)
- Meta-analysis of three RCTs in 3,286 patients confirms obicetrapib effects on LDL-C, apoB and HDL-C with no excess adverse events (Ann Med Surg 2026)
- CETP inhibitor trials reframe the HDL hypothesis around apoB lowering rather than HDL-C raising (Drugs 2026)
- Meta-analysis of 3,088 patients: obicetrapib cuts LDL-C by 32% and Lp(a) by 36% with no excess adverse events (Vasc Dis 2026)
- Meta-analysis of 657 patients: obicetrapib combination therapy, especially with ezetimibe at 10mg, beats obicetrapib monotherapy for LDL-C lowering (Semergen 2026)
- Meta-analysis of nine RCTs in 3,516 patients confirms obicetrapib lowers LDL-C by 37% and Lp(a) by 41% with no excess adverse events (Cardiol Rev 2025)
- Meta-analysis of seven studies: adding a CETP inhibitor to high-intensity statins significantly raises HDL-C and lowers LDL-C with no added adverse events (Front Endocrinol 2025)
- Meta-analysis of nine RCTs in 3,706 patients: obicetrapib plus ezetimibe adds a further 17.8% LDL-C reduction over obicetrapib alone (J Clin Lipidol 2025)
- Review examines how CETP and peripheral lipoproteins may contribute to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (Mol Neurodegener 2023)
- Meta-analysis of 332,912 patients: lowering apoB only cuts cardiovascular risk when it works through the LDL receptor, not via CETP inhibitors or fibrates (Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020)
- CETP activity is highest in cord and maternal blood of growth-restricted neonates, alongside multiple proatherogenic lipoprotein changes (J Clin Lipidol 2017)
- CETP rs708272 B2 allele is linked to a more antiatherogenic LDL subfraction profile in statin-treated coronary heart disease patients (Biochem Genet 2016)
- Urban versus rural residence predicts opposite CETP and PLTP activity patterns in Polish men, independent of smoking and alcohol use (Arch Med Sci 2016)
- A high-dose tetanus toxoid-CETP vaccine lowers CETP activity and raises HDL-C in rabbits but fails to reduce atherosclerotic lesions (Biomed Pharmacother 2016)
- Extended-release niacin/laropiprant abolishes the postprandial rise in CETP activity and boosts HDL's fecal cholesterol removal capacity (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015)
- Anacetrapib reshapes LDL particle subfractions differently than atorvastatin, and neither drug reduces the smallest LDL particles (J Clin Lipidol 2015)
- CETP Taq1B B1/B1 genotype predicts a favorable triglyceride/HDL-C response to kiwifruit in hypercholesterolaemic men (Br J Nutr 2013)
- CETP -629 AA genotype is enriched in metabolic syndrome patients and linked to lower CETP but higher LDL-C and total cholesterol (Mol Biol Rep 2012)
- Anacetrapib shrinks medium and small LDL while paradoxically raising the smallest, densest LDL4b subfraction (J Lipid Res 2012)
- PPAR-delta agonist GW501516 lowers CETP activity alongside broad apoB and apoC-III kinetic changes in obese dyslipidemic men (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011)
- High CETP is an independent negative determinant of LDL size and tracks with CAD prevalence in haemodialysis patients (Nephrology (Carlton) 2011)
- CETP concentration is higher in coronary heart disease patients but is not itself an independent predictor of LDL particle size (Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2011)
- Brucella infection raises CETP activity and leaves an unresolved atherogenic lipid profile four months after treatment (J Lipid Res 2009)
- Reducing proteinuria lowers LDL cholesterol together with plasma CETP mass, but also lowers HDL cholesterol (Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009)
- Only triglyceride-rich apoB lipoprotein subclasses accept cholesteryl esters transferred by CETP (Eur J Clin Invest 2008)
- Elevated CETP levels track with oxidized LDL in dyslipidemic patients (Clin Biochem 2007)
- CETP TaqB1B1 genotype linked to higher LDL cholesterol in Chinese coronary heart disease patients (Chin Med J (Engl) 2004)
- Genome scan finds an LDL-particle-size linkage locus near CETP in familial combined hyperlipidemia families (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004)
- CETP -629A allele linked to larger LDL particle size in 377 healthy middle-aged men (Atherosclerosis 2003)
- Prebeta1-HDL concentration tracks LDL-cholesterol independent of CETP mass (Clin Chim Acta 2000)
- Improving glycemic control lowers postprandial CETP activity and chylomicron particle numbers in type 2 diabetes (Atherosclerosis 2000)
- LDL acts as a secondary cholesteryl ester donor to chylomicrons via CETP during postprandial lipemia (Atherosclerosis 1999)
- A 24-hour intravenous fat load leaves CETP activity unchanged acutely but raises it a week later (J Lipid Res 1999)
- CETP accounts for 5% of small dense LDL variability in Chinese diabetic patients despite unchanged CETP activity (Atherosclerosis 1999)
- Estrogen raises LDL cholesterol and atherosclerotic lesions in apoB100xCETP transgenic mice without altering CETP activity (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999)
- Etophylline clofibrate lowers CETP mass while improving lipoprotein profile in mixed hyperlipidemia (Atherosclerosis 1995)
- Fasting CETP levels rise only on the highest dietary cholesterol dose and track LDL cholesterol changes in young men (Arterioscler Thromb 1994)
- Pravastatin lowers LDL and raises apoA-I but leaves CETP levels and abnormal HDL subpopulation composition unchanged (Atherosclerosis 1993)
- CETP-driven lipid transfer from HDL enlarges LDL particles, a candidate mechanism for LDL subfraction polymorphism (J Lipid Res 1990)
- Reduced CETP activity accompanies an atherogenic small dense LDL profile in long-standing type 1 diabetes (Front Endocrinol 2026)
- The EUROASPIRE IV survey finds lower CETP activity in coronary patients with elevated triglycerides and residual apoB-driven risk (Clin Chim Acta 2026)
- Meta-analysis of five early RCTs in 288 patients: obicetrapib reduces LDL-C by 41% and raises HDL-C by 157% (J Clin Lipidol 2025)
- Kinetic tracer studies reveal CETP inhibition raises apoA-I and lowers apoB by shifting catabolism rates of HDL and LDL in opposite directions (Curr Opin Lipidol 2016)
- Niacin/laropiprant lowers CETP activity alongside multiple inflammatory markers but modestly improves HDL efflux without changing HDL antioxidant capacity (J Am Heart Assoc 2015)
- Meta-analysis finds LDL-C and non-HDL-C, not HDL-C, predict lesion reduction across CETP-expressing animal and human trials (Eur J Pharmacol 2015)
- Flaxseed oil lowers small dense LDL alongside CETP and apoB concentrations after twelve weeks in Japanese men (Nutr J 2015)
- CETP I405V is linked to lower small dense LDL levels, unrelated to coronary artery disease risk, in Indian subjects (Indian J Clin Biochem 2012)
- Six weeks of endurance training lowers CETP activity regardless of egg intake in unfit adults (J Nutr Biochem 2008)
- CETP genotype fails to predict LDL cholesterol response to dietary fat, contradicting earlier studies (Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005)
- Normal CETP activity in hypertriglyceridemic patients rules out CETP as the cause of reduced LDL receptor binding affinity (Atherosclerosis 1999)
- High-viscosity pectin lowers plasma CETP activity along with cholesterol in hamsters (J Nutr 1998)
- CETP activity stays normal and unchanged with insulin lispro or regular insulin in type 1 diabetes (Metabolism 1998)
- CETP activity, not LDL receptor pathways, may explain why LDL cholesterol rises with dietary fat in some people (Curr Opin Lipidol 1997)
- Gemfibrozil enlarges LDL particles and trends toward lowering CETP activity without changing LDL receptor binding (Atherosclerosis 1995)
- CETP and LCAT activity rise postprandially in NIDDM, but neither differs from controls at baseline (Atherosclerosis 1995)
- CETP activity shows no relation to LDL subfraction composition, unlike lipoprotein and hepatic lipase (Atherosclerosis 1993)
- In CETP mice, obicetrapib plus ezetimibe on top of atorvastatin regresses established atherosclerosis by 44% via LDL-receptor-driven VLDL clearance (J Lipid Res 2026)
- Liver-humanized mice show a human-like cholesterol lipoprotein profile without needing CETP (Hepatology 2020)
- Cryo-electron tomography reveals a polyhedral, not spherical, 3D structure for VLDL particles (J Lipid Res 2016)
- CETP variant rs5882 shows no association with LDL cholesterol lowering from plant sterols, unlike CYP7A1 and APOE variants (Am J Clin Nutr 2015)
- Pioglitazone does not change CETP or improve peripheral vessel function in nondiabetic patients over nine months (Cardiology 2015)
- A CETP variant is among four SNPs significantly linked to plasma cholesterol, though only APOB and NPC1L1 show novel diet-gene interactions (J Lipid Res 2013)
- Low CETP activity and enhanced HDL2 paraoxonase found together in a patient with unusually low LDL-to-cholesterol ratio (Int J Mol Med 2010)
- Review links apoB signal-peptide and CETP B1B1 combination to lower VLDL apoB secretion in obese men (Curr Opin Lipidol 2010)
- Thyromimetic T-0681 cuts atherosclerosis 80% in rabbits by raising hepatic LDL receptors, not by changing CETP (J Lipid Res 2008)
- CETP genotype, like four other candidate genes, fails to predict cholesterol response to plant stanol esters (Eur J Clin Invest 2002)
- CETP I405V genotype, unlike apoB EcoRI variation, does not predict cholesterol response to diet in an Israeli cohort (Atherosclerosis 2000)
- Bile acid sequestrant cholebine shrinks large light LDL without touching CETP or LCAT activity (Atherosclerosis 1997)
Video and podcasts
The 2025 ESC/EAS dyslipidaemia guideline update: what changed (Victoria Delgado)
ESC 2025: pooled MACE results across the obicetrapib programme (Stephen Nicholls)
